Moderator: Good afternoon. We have gathered the masters of Korean literature across eras. Based on your respective literary worlds, we wish to hear your valuable opinions on 'sustainable development,' the greatest topic of our time.
I, Lee In-jik, depicted in "Tears of Blood" the chaotic transition as the old Joseon crumbled and a new civilization emerged. Just as Ok-ryeon cast off old customs and became a protagonist of a new era through new education, humanity must now discard the habits of the old industrial civilization. Sustainable development is the very process of wiping away the 'tears of blood' of our civilization. Only by boldly breaking from the old custom of fossil fuels and embracing the 'new education' of renewable energy and a circular economy can we open the future of our planet. One cannot greet a new age while shackled to the past.
In "The Conference of Animals," I borrowed the voices of crows, foxes, and frogs to criticize the corruption and greed of the human world. If animals were to hold a conference today, what would they say? They would lament that humans, to satisfy their own greed, are burning forests, polluting oceans, and robbing them of their homes. The first step toward sustainable development is to abandon our arrogant, human-centric thinking. We must repay nature's grace, like the filial piety of the crow, and regain the humility to listen to the voices of other living beings to make true coexistence possible.
Bok-nyeo, the protagonist of my novel "Potato," was gradually morally ruined by her environment of poverty. How weak human will is in the face of one's environment! Humanity is now creating its own vast environment of poverty called the 'climate crisis.' This barren environment will drive future generations to moral and existential ruin, just like Bok-nyeo. Sustainable development is about preserving the minimum 'environment' in which future generations can live with dignity. Just as poverty determined Bok-nyeo's life, we must not let a destroyed Earth determine the fate of future humanity.
Kim Cheom-ji in "A Lucky Day" clung to a day's small fortune while deliberately ignoring the ominous signs of his wife's impending death. The result was tragic. Humanity today looks just like Kim Cheom-ji. Scientists have warned countless times that the Earth is coughing and dying, yet we ignore these signals, intoxicated by the immediate luck of 'economic growth.' Sustainable development means no longer ignoring the ominous sign of the Earth's pain. We must care for the Earth with the heart of one who stays by his sick wife's side, even if it means giving up a lucky day, to prevent a greater tragedy.
Like the intellectual in my novel "The Green Frog in the Specimen Room," we know the problem all too well. We analyze the causes, the solutions, all the aspects of climate change, and we despair. But we do not act, trapped in despair like a frog in a specimen jar. Sustainable development demands not more analysis and anguish, but the 'action' to break out of the specimen room. If we wait for a perfect solution, we will all end up as preserved specimens. The courage to act now, to fail, and to try again, even if imperfectly, is the only thing that will save us from this specimen room of despair.
In "Kyonghui," I portrayed a new woman who leaves the old doll's house to find her own self. She sought to live a self-determined life, breaking the shackles of obedience and sacrifice forced upon women. Humanity, too, must now shed its old ideas about nature. We must abandon the patriarchal mindset that views nature as an object to be conquered and exploited. Sustainable development is a process of 'ecological self-awakening,' where humanity becomes humble before nature, respects it as an equal partner, and forms a new relationship. Like Kyonghui who left the doll's house, we too must leave the house of our old civilization.
Do you remember the moonlit night in Bongpyeong, the setting of my story "When Buckwheat Flowers Bloom"? The beauty of the buckwheat field, like scattered salt, has a value that cannot be measured in money. It is a communion with nature that enriches our lives. We are now too easily destroying such beauty in the sole pursuit of economic efficiency. Sustainable development is not merely a passive act of preventing disaster, but an active effort to preserve the beauty of nature, like that moonlit night, for future generations to enjoy. For just as man cannot live by bread alone, he cannot be happy with concrete alone.
I, Kubo, in "A Day in the Life of Kubo the Novelist," wandered aimlessly through the city, observing the modern landscape. In coffee shops, department stores, and streetcars, people were indifferent and lonely. Modern society has created a giant, artificial city completely separated from nature. We wander through a network of consumption like Kubo, having forgotten the cycles of nature. Sustainable development must begin with redesigning the structure of our cities. We must re-weave the lost connection to nature within the city through rooftop gardens, urban parks, and circular transportation systems.
The protagonist of my novel "The Wings" wanted to escape the room where his listless self-consciousness was trapped and fly. 'Let's fly, let's fly, let's try to fly just once more.' Humanity is now trapped in a convenient but unsustainable room called 'mass consumption' and 'fossil fuels.' We sit lethargically, knowing this room will collapse. Sustainable development is the courage to break out of this old, dangerous room. It is the will to fly with new 'wings' of sun and wind, even if it is a bit inconvenient and unfamiliar. What we need is not more analysis, but a single decision to spread our wings.
My novel "The Murky Stream" depicted a group of people degenerating in a turbid era, much like the murky waters of the decaying Geum River. As the river became dirty, people's hearts grew callous, and their lives became impoverished. The corruption of the environment and the corruption of society are by no means separate issues. The 'crisis of sustainability' we face today is the same. The factory wastewater polluting the river and the greed of finance capital share the same root. Sustainable development cannot stop at developing technology to purify rivers. It can only succeed if it goes hand-in-hand with rooting out the 'murky stream' of corruption and greed throughout society and re-establishing social justice.
My "Portrait of a Shaman" depicted the clash between the traditional worldview of shamanism and the foreign worldview of Christianity. What Mohwa tried to protect was not mere superstition, but a spiritual world where nature and humans were interconnected as one. In the process of modernization, we lost that very spiritual connection. Sustainable development must be a process of recovering this lost 'spirituality.' We must move beyond the engineering approach that sees nature as mere matter and rediscover a heart that respects the intrinsic value in all life. In the wisdom of the ancients who regarded the Earth as a mother, we can find the clue to a sustainable future.